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Colibacillosis
What is Colibacillosis??
Colibacillosis is an infection caused by the bacterium Escherichia coli. Escherichia coli, more commonly known as E. coli, is a gram-negative member of the enterobacteriaceae group and is normally found in the intestinal flora of most mammals.
It can cause acute infection in very young kittens during the first weeks of life and is characterized by sepsis (blood poisoning) and multiple organ involvement.
Finding E. coli in the feces of young animals is not conclusive evidence that it is behind the illness because E. coli is normally found in the intestinal flora.
Stronger evidence of e-coli is if E. coli is found in blood samples or in tissue samples from internal organs.
E. coli infection has also been documented in older dogs and cats, but knowledge about which strains of E. coli are more harmful than others is still poor. E. coli, in combination with other infectious agents, can make a parvovirus infection much more serious.
What are the symptoms of E. Coli Infection in Cats?
The symptoms depend on where in the cat's body the E. coli infection is located.
Urinary tract:
- Increased frequency of urination
- Increased thirst
- Accidents outside the litter box
- Vocalization during urination
- Blood in the urine (hematuria)
- Odor in the urine
- Straining to urinate with little to no urine coming out (stranguria)
- Painful and/or distended abdomen
- Elevated body temperature (fever)
- Reduced or complete loss of appetite
Gastrointestinal infections:
- Watery diarrhea with or without blood
- Vomiting
- Reduced or total loss of appetite
- Depression
Pyometra (often after heats where pregnancy did not occur):
- Vaginal discharge
- Reduced or total loss of appetite
- Diffuse and/or painful abdomen
- Increased thirst and/or urination (may mimic a urinary tract infection)
- Impaired general condition (Lethargy)
- Depression
Colibacillosis in newborn kittens at 0-2 weeks:
(E. coli is one of the most common causes of sepsis and death among kittens.)
- Loss of appetite
- Vomiting
- Lethargy
- Severe diarrhea (yellow or bloody)
- Low body temperature (hypothermia)
- Dehydration
- Sepsis
How is E. Coli transmitted??
An animal can become infected with E. coli through contact with human or animal feces.
Warning! E. Coli is contagious to humans Unfortunately, humans can get E. coli when cleaning the litter box if good hygiene practices are not followed.
Wash your hands with antibacterial soap and warm water after cleaning the litter box.
Wear gloves when handling cat urine and feces, especially if you have a weak immune system or are more prone to illness.
It is also wise to keep children away from the litter box.
How long does e.coli live in the environment?
Bacteria like E. coli may only live for 20 minutes but can live for up to four hours on hard surfaces
How long does it take to recover from an E. Coli infection?
Recovery time from an E. coli infection depends on how your cat responds to treatment.
All medications must be given exactly as prescribed, for the appropriate amount of time, to ensure the infection is gone.
A new bacterial culture is often done at the end of treatment to confirm that no E. coli remains.
If your cat is an outdoor cat that regularly eats prey, it should be kept indoors only to avoid spreading the disease and prevent recurrence.
How is E. Coli infection in cats treated?
If your cat is not seriously ill, their E. coli infection can likely be treated at home with antibiotics.
Antibiotics are prescribed based on test results and are usually given for 10 to 14 days or longer depending on the severity of the infection.
If your cat has an E. coli infection that is causing a pyometra, surgery is the best treatment option to remove the uterus, which will remove the infection.
Pyometra can be life-threatening, so antibiotic treatment is often not enough.
If your cat has severe symptoms, such as loss of appetite, dehydration, or prolonged vomiting, she will likely need to be hospitalized for treatment and supportive care.
Intravenous fluids (IVF), antibiotics, and anti-nausea medications will be given, depending on your cat's clinical symptoms.
If your cat is not eating, tube feeding may be considered, which can be the difference between life and death.
Kittens also require aggressive treatment, including bottle feeding, to keep their blood sugar at a good level.
Is E. Coli Infection Fatal?
Yes, mainly in young kittens but can also be in adults.
E. coli infections can be fatal in cats if not treated promptly and aggressively.
Infections in the blood (sepsis) or a pyometra are the most serious conditions.
Sources:
https://www.petmd.com/cat/general-health/e-coli-in-cats
https://www.catster.com/cat-health-care/e-coli-infection-in-cats/
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What is Feline Herpes Virus?
To clarify, feline herpesvirus isn’t a sexually transmitted disease. It’s a virus infection that is similar to the human virus that causes cold sores. Feline herpesvirus most commonly affects the eyes, the respiratory tract and the gastrointestinal tract. Rarely, feline herpesvirus can potentially affect the skin, the reproductive tract, and the musculoskeletal tract.
Incubation period?
In cats, clinical signs can be seen within 2-5 days of exposure to the virus.
What is the symptom of the Feline Herpes Virus?
The most common clinical signs seen from the feline herpes virus include:
- Sneezing
- Runny eyes
- Pink eyelids (e.g., conjunctivitis)
- Lethargy
- Fever
- Not eating/anorexia
- Weight loss
- Drooling
- Dehydration
- Increased respiratory effort
- Loud, snoring-like breathing
- Severe ulcers on the eyes (less common)
- Rupture of the cornea (rare)
- Lameness (rare)
- Dermatitis
- Death (rare)
How long does the Feline Herpesvirus live in the environment?
The virus prefers damp environments but even so, can only remain active for 18 hours on a surface without a host and an even shorter period of time as an aerosol.
What disinfectant kills feline herpesvirus?
Virucidal activities of several disinfectants against FHV, compared with feline calicivirus (FCV), were studied and the following conclusions were reached:
1) Sodium hypochlorite, iodine complex, benzethonium chloride and chlorhexidine were effective against FHV at commonly used concentrations. The virus is labile and susceptible to most disinfectants, antiseptics and detergents.
How long does it take for a cat to recover from Feline Herpes?
How can I treat Feline Herpes?
- Quarantine: Keep infected cats in quarantine due to the contagious nature of this disease.
- Nursing care: If your cat is showing signs of nasal or eye, make sure to keep your cat kept free of discharge. Blot away any discharge with a damp paper towel or terry cloth rag. This is important to help prevent the nostrils from being blocked up from nasal crusting.
- Moisture: Take your cat into the bathroom while you’re taking a hot shower (Note: NOT into the shower, but into the bathroom). This way, the steam can help humidify the nasal passages and make your cat breathe better.
- Tasty food: With the herpes virus, your cats can eat whatever they want! Try to tempt your cat to eat with tasty canned tuna (in water), meat-based human baby food or any kind of tasty canned food.
- Seek veterinary attention: If you notice abnormal squinting, tearing, redness to the eyes, drooling, not eating, etc., get to a veterinarian immediately!
That’s because corneal ulcers or conjunctivitis may need topical antibiotic ointments (e.g., Terramycin, oxytetracycline, erythromycin, etc.). Topical, ophthalmic anti-viral ointments can also be used (e.g., cidofovir, etc.). In severe cases, where a secondary bacterial infection occurs (e.g., pus coming from the eyes or nostrils), oral antibiotics may be necessary (just like human colds, viruses typically don’t need antibiotics initially). Keep in mind that antibiotics can often cause cats to lose their appetite, or develop vomiting and diarrhoea.
But a bit careful with the dosage of L-lysine a to high does of it can have opposite effect and instead lower the immunsystem. Best is to find a food with L-lysin added to it so that you get the correct dosage.
Mix the powder in a small amount of food unless otherwise directed.
This medication can take up to a few weeks before full effects are noted, but gradual improvements are usually noticeable after a few days.
Make sure to keep the stress level down, make sure that you do not have to many cats, make sure that you got a stable group of cats, aviod things that might cause stress.
New studies shown that Probiotics or Postbiotics will help the immunesystem to shorten the time the cat shows symtoms and help the cat get well more quickly.
Sources:
https://www.viroxanimalhealth.com/hubfs/VAH_Resources_/PDFs/Factsheet_FelineHerpesvirus_April2016.pdf?hsLang=en-ca
https://www.vetspecialty.com/feline-herpesvirus-fhv-1/
https://www.greatpetcare.com/cat-health/feline-herpes/
https://www.medicinenet.com/pets/cat-health/feline_herpes_symptoms_and_treatment.htm
https://www.postandcourier.com/features/herpes-virus-in-cats-highly-contagious-a-major-problem/article_6302b796-8f78-5f1c-a9ff-5480ed9b47ff.html
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19481034/
https://pets.webmd.com/cats/feline-herpes-symptoms-treatment
https://www.nomnomnow.com/learn/article/what-is-l-lysine-and-how-can-it-help-your-cat
https://vcahospitals.com/know-your-pet/lysine
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6281040/
https://www.pethealthnetwork.com/cat-health/cat-diseases-conditions-a-z/feline-herpesvirus-101-fhv
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19201238/ (Studie about Probiotics)
By: Malin Sundqvist
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The incubation period, the period between the time the cat get the virus and untill it shows symtomps varies from 2 to 10 days.
- Nasal discharge (typically clear colored but may progress to pus-colored)
- Sneezing
- Inappetance/anorexia
- Discharge from the eyes (typically clear colored but can progress to pus-colored)
- Squinting of the eyes (which may be due to ulcers of the cornea)
- Lethargy
- Difficulty chewing food (due to ulcers on the tongue and in the mouth)
- Drooling (due to ulcers on the tongue and in the mouth)
- Pink eye signs (e.g., redness of the eyes due to secondary inflammation of the conjunctiva)
- Ulcers in the mouth
- Noisy breathing
- Increased or difficulty breathing
- Dehydration
- Fever
- Death (rare)
But of course, it's not necessary, but the fewer surfaces you have the easier it is to clean, of course, the most important is to split them up into groups if you do have a large group, make a space that is really clean where you move the cats who recovered completely.
Virkon S is effective for many diseases: https://virkon.se/hund-katt/, this might be available only in Scandinavia but I think a tip is good since it's completely harmless but kills most viruses and bacteria.
https://vcahospitals.com/know-your-pet/feline-calicivirus-infection
https://www.nasc.cc/pet-university/calicivirus-cats/
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The first symptoms of chlamydia infection in cats are a watery discharge from the eyes and excessive squinting. The inner eyelids and whites of the eyes may become inflamed, and, as the infection worsens, the discharge typically changes from clear and watery to thick and yellowish or greenish-yellow.
The signs are most severe 9 to 13 days after onset and then subside over 2 to 3 weeks. In some cats, however, signs can last for weeks despite treatment, and recurrence is not uncommon. Untreated cats can spread the infection to other cats for months after infection.
The best way is to make sure to keep a new cat in quarantine for 3 weeks.
The feline chlamydia vaccine is considered a non-core vaccine, meaning it is an optional vaccine that cats may benefit from based on their risk for exposure to the disease. Several feline chlamydiosis vaccines are available, all of which have been tested and found to be safe and effective when administered as directed.
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Mycoplasma felis is a natural part of the cat's normal bacterial flora (microbiota), but can also cause symptoms of infection, especially milder eye infections in the form of conjunctivitis (conjunctivitis). Mycoplasma felis should not be confused with Mycoplasma haemofelis which specifically causes anemia (lack of blood) in cats.
The two main causes of eye infection in cats are Chlamydia felis and feline herpesvirus (FHV-1). The two infections can each cause anywhere from no symptoms to mild to very severe symptoms. As a rule, Mycoplama felis does not cause more serious problems or any problems at all. A cat with a more serious eye infection and a test result where Mycoplasma felis is found may have underlying problems that "help" the bacteria to cause the symptoms, for example, co-infection with Chlamydia felis and/or feline herpes virus.
The bacterium Mycoplasma felis is part of the cat's normal bacterial flora (microbiota). This means that it is often found in healthy cats in the eyes and upper respiratory tracts such as the nose, mouth, and throat without causing any problems. Typically conjunctivitis is seen. The problems are usually not serious, but treatment may be necessary in this case.
